Pregnancy doubles risk of female to-male HIV transmission among partners in...

Pregnancy increases the risk
the female to-male HIV transmission among more than 3300 Serodiscordant two compartment
Couples R mugo and colleagues from seven African countries Nelly in a reported
prospective study published in the advance online edition of AIDS.

The risks of becoming
during pregnancy increases at the same speed in HIV-infected. However, this was
partly explained by other factors including unprotected sex.

Women now represent 60% of the
HIV infection in adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Many African countries with
high HIV prevalence have also high birth rates and often women are pregnant
a significant part of their adult lives.

Pregnancy brings biological
and changes in behaviour, a woman more susceptible for getting HIV may
as well as the ye more contagious, thus increasing the risks of transmission.

So far limited prospective studies
inconsistent results show an increased risk and none have found increases are.
Risk of acquiring HIV during pregnancy. However points out that women
infected during pregnancy have a high rate of HIV transmission to their
Children.

The authors note a study
You increase HIV shedding shown in genitalia secretions during pregnancy
What has to increased infectivity, yet saw no prospective study
especially on pregnancy as a risk factor for the woman to man transmission.

The authors chose to look at
the association between pregnancy and the risk of getting HIV as well as the
Risks of transmission of HIV from women-men in a secondary analysis of a prospective
Investigation of the African HIV sero discordant couples.

From November 2004 to April
2007 3408 Couples HIV Serodiscordant of Botswana, Kenya, Rwanda, South
Africa, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia were the partners in the prevention of included.
HSV-2/transmission study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
of aciclovir as herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) suppressive therapy for the
Prevention of HIV transmission. Do not reduce HIV transmission to aciclovir.
Risks within the couple.

Of 3321 pairs in the
Analysis of one-third (1085) contain a HIV infected male partner, and which
remaining two-thirds (2236) contain a HIV infected female partner.

Integrated eligibility
over 18 years old, with three or more episodes of vaginal intercourse in
the three months prior to screening, and with the intention of remaining a
Pair.

HIV infected partners were
had positive for HSV-2, CD4 cell counts more than 250 cells/mm3 and were
not the antiretrovirals. HIV infected women at the screening were pregnant
excluded from the study. Women, the pregnant was stopped study medication
by the end of the pregnancy. Pregnant women with HIV-infizierbar have been recorded, as were
those who became pregnant during the follow-up.

HIV infected partners were
seen monthly and HIV uninfected partners were seen every three months. Sexual
Behavior data including condom use in each visit was recorded
contraceptive use.

Comprehensive prevention
Services contain individual and HIV risk reduction pair consulting,
quarterly syndromic management of sexually transmitted infection treatment and
Free condoms.

Most were married and
Live together. Median CD4 cell count was 461 cells/mm3. The
Couples were followed up to 24 months; Median time for HIV and
HIV-positive partners was 20.9 months (IQR: 15.6-24.1) and 19.9 months (IQR:)
14.3-23.9), respectively.

61 HIV seroconversions
among the women near 30% (17) happened during pregnancy. While HIV incidence
Pregnancy was 7,35 per 100 person years compared to 3.01 per 100 person years while
non-pregnant periods (HR: 2.34, 95% CI:)
1.33-4.09, p = 0.003). Risk was high during the early and late pregnancy.
However in multivariate analysis of control old, contraceptive use
and unprotected sex, the effect of pregnancy on HIV risk was not statistically
significant.

58 HIV transmissions
Men happening is 12 (20.7%) during pregnancy. The incidence of female to-male
Transfer was 3,46 per 100 person years during pregnancy compared to 1.58
per 100 person years for the female partner was not pregnant. This was
statistically significant (HR 2.31, p = 0.01) and remained after significant
Adjustment for confounding factors (HR. 2. 47, p = 0.01).

She underlined the authors
Significance of those new results show that increased pregnancy public health
Risk of wife-to man transmission divided into two parts.
New strategies they add are needed ", to strengthen family planning and"
maternal health services for women with and reduce risk for HIV
unwanted pregnancies and HIV transmission to pregnant women and avert
"Pregnant women to their children and partners."

Strengths of the study
include a large sample size and multinational cohort. The study also
a viral genetic linkage transmitted HIV in partnerships to set up
Minimizing the potential for error classification of woman to man transmission.

The authors note their
Results can be generalized; all participants were with HSV-2 as koinfizierten
are more than 80% of all HIV infected adults in Africa South of the Sahara.

The authors conclude
increased risk of Ms to man transmission during pregnancy is required
"Further studies to understand the possible biological mechanisms, the may"
"explain this statement." You add: "prenatal couples HIV counselling and testing,"
Implementation of repetition of HIV testing in pregnancy and previous introduction
Combination should be art to protect part of routine prenatal care
"Mothers, children and male partners of HIV."

Article source: http://www.aidsmap.com/Pregnancy-doubled-risk-of-female-to-male-HIV-transmission-in-Partners-in-Prevention-study/page/2033107/